TECHNOLAB SA | HAKO | Section 1: Combustion Engines, Steam Engines, Stirling Engines, Engine Management, Other Models, Model Stand and Model Cabinet for OHP-Models

Movable Overhead Models
Cutaway Models

HAKO - 1: Combustion Engines, Steam Engines, Stirling Engines, Engine Management, Other Models, Model Stand and Model Cabinet for OHP-Models

Models for the Overhead Projector

Order No. see individual model!

Order No. 101 Four stroke engine - drive of the double overhead camshaft - sequence of the four strokes - valve opening overlap - function of a chain tensioner	Order No. 255 Four stroke engine with one overhead camshaft (OHC) - crankshaft drive, stroke of a piston - camshaft timing (ratio of 1:2) - function of the rocker arm - opening and closing the valves - valve overlap	Order No. 417 Petrol direct injection engine - all the functions of a four-stroke engine can be shown with valve overlap - direct injection of the petrol into the combustion chamber (bow- in piston)
Order No. 102 Two stroke engine - function of combustion chamber and crankcase - sequence of the strokes in both chambers - function of the transfer duct	Order No. 193 Two stroke engine with diaphragm timing and control cylinder - principle of a modern two stroke engine - function of a diaphragm timing - actuating the control cylinder in the exhaust passage - the control timing is changed by the control cylinder - the control timing can be directly read	Order No. 398 Two stroke engine with rotary-disk valve control - gas control in a two-stroke engine with rotary-disk valve - reading of the angle for the induction, pre-compressing, overflow, exhaust, compression and working
Order No. 191 Diesel engine of a truck - the OHV-engine is driven by means of a crankshaft, tappet and rocker arm - valve overlapping - sequence of the four strokes - injection needle in motion	Order No. 287 Two stroke diesel engine - function of crankshaft drive - regulation of camshaft and exhaust valve - principle of a roots compressor for uniflow scavenging - regulation of charge cycle	Order No. 238 Wankel engine - the bid and solid overhead model shows how a Wankel engine works, especially the function of an eccentric shaft and gearing
	Order No. 301 Buckling connecting rod engine by Gerhard Mederer The two engines are connected by gear wheels and are turning simultaneously It is clear that the buckling connecting rod engine ...	... has a significantly linkage towards the crankshaft and a greatly reduced piston side pressure
Order No. 283 Steam engine with slide valve and centrifugal governor - function of the piston and flywheel - function of the slide valve	- function of the centrifugal governor - regulation the steam inlet for constant speed	Order No. 289 Stirling engine - function of a rhomboid gear-set - functioning of displacing piston and working piston - effect of regenerator in the closed system
Order No. 319 Oscillary steam engine the simplest form of a reciprocating engine is a steam engine with oscillating cylinders. The model shows both the single-acting and the double-acting engine. The mode of operation of the engine and the control of steam inlet ...	... and outlet, through a cylinder bore in each case, can be demonstrated particularly well. - function: control of steam by moving the cylinder - single-acting: one working chamber above - double-acting: two working chambers above and below	Order No. 304 Double-cylinder Stirling engine - function of a double-cylinder Stirling engine - actuating the crankshaft drive - interaction of working and displacing piston
Order No. 104 Flat engine - characteristics of a flat engine in motion - function of the opposed pistons	Order No. 105 V-engine - arrangement of the cylinders - characteristics of the two pistons in motion	Order No. 103 Radial cylinder engine - function of a the master connecting rod - coordinated displacement of all pistons in one level
Order No. 420 7-cylinder radial engine - function of a radial engine according to the four-stroke principle - function of the master connecting rod - combined effect of the 7 pistons on one lever - driven by one external lever	Order No. 457 Variable compression ratio (SVC engine) By pivoting the cylinder block plus added parts around a pivoting axis, the compression ratio can be altered infinitely from 8:1 (full load with full loading...	... pressure) to 14:1 (part load with low loading pressure) Maximisation of the compression ratio from idling to full load with minimisation of the fuel consumption and pollutant discharge.
Order No. 395 Valve overlap - the opening and closing angle of the discharge and inlet valves can be adjusted as required - the various overlap angles can be read off	Order No. 399 Two stroke engine timing diagram Setting the various angles for: - pre-induction, induction, pre-compression, overflow, exhaust, compression and working	- setting of symmetrical and asymmetrical timing diagrams - reading off the various angles
Order No. 187 Adjustable camshafts all functions of a four stroke engine can be shown, incl. chain tensioning. Inlet valve and exhaust valve openings can be read in degrees. Valve opening and closing as well as valve overlapping can be shown. The inlet cam can be advanced by means of a lifting cam and power screw.	Order No. 235 Variable valve timing system Porsche (VARIO CAM) Advancing the inlet camshaft by means of two sliding chain tensioners, which can be moved to and from via magnetohydraulic actuation. The exhaust camshaft is driven by the crankshaft. The inlet camshaft is driven by the outlet camshaft via a chain.	Order No. 419 VTEC valve control - valve control in the lowest speed range with drag levers released - locking of the drag lever in the upper speed range, valve control by means of the sharp cam - entering the control angle
Order No. 463 Camshaft adjustment (VW) In this, the adjustment of the inlet and the outlet camshaft is done with the help of hydraulically operated vane adjuster. In an outer rotor, an inner rotor is rotated hydraulically clockwise or anti-clockwise and adjusts the camshaft in the direction of early or late.	The maximum adjustment angle is 52° crank angle with the inlet camshaft and 22° with the outlet camshaft.	Order No. 130 Valve timing - function of the desmotronic valve actuation (with cams to open and close the valve) - different cam shapes cause different cylinder fillings
Order No. 435 Valve operation, valve play Functions: - Differing valve stroke with differing heights of cams - Reading off the angle of opening with differing shapes of cams	- Correct setting of the valve play with the help of a thickness gauge - Heat expansion of the valve and the effects if the valve play is too low	- Effects on the engine if the valve play is too large
Order No. 460 Valvetronic (BMW) Instead of a throttle valve, the differing valve stroke is used in the Valvetronic to control the fresh gas. An eccentric shaft is operated by the engine management via an electric motor, a worm and a work wheel.	The eccentric shaft controls an oscillating lever between the cam shaft and the rocker arm, with the result that the cam of the inlet camshaft opens the valve to differing extents (from zero stroke up to maximum stroke).	The worm can be operated manually with the help of a small wheel! Fig. 1: Zero stroke (valve remains closed) Fig. 2: Half stroke Fig. 3: Maximum stroke
Order No. 390 Valve-clearance adjustment It is possible to demonstrate 4 different ways of setting the valve clearance, by rotating the adjusting screws on the rocker arm or rocker lever, by inserting discs of varying thickness or by means of an eccentric on the rocker arm.	Order No. 391 Valve-clearance adjustment II It is possible to demonstrate 4 different ways of setting the valve clearance. By inserting discs of varying thickness in or under the bucket tappet. By rotating the adjusting screws on the rocker arm and rocker lever.	All cams can be turned, so that the opening stroke at various valve clearances can be demonstrated.
Order No. 464 Assembly of valves The assembly of a valve into the cylinder head can be demonstrated clearly:	- Insertion of the valve shaft into the sleeve on the cylinder head Pushing the valve shaft sealing on	- Pushing the spring valve and the spring cap on Pushing the spring valve over the spring cap Pushing the valve key into the groove of the spring cap
Order No. 434 Cylinder shutoff The cylinder shutoff, a new development for the new Daimler Benz S class, is switched on and off electro-hydraulically by the control unit. In the lower load area, 4 cylinders are switched off, in the upper load area there is a switch-over to 8 cylinders. The valves are operated in a locked state. If the coupling pins ...	... are removed, the valves remain closed. The driving levers are pressed onto the camshaft by springs in an unlocked state.	Order No. 131 Hydraulic valve tappet - how the hydraulic valve tappet works under pressure and release - function of piston, spring and ball
Order No. 268 Hydraulic tappet II This hydraulic tappet is designed as a bucket tappet and makes a valve adjustment without clearance possible. Function of high pressure chamber, ball valve, clearance-eliminating spring and valve tappet can be shown.	Order No. 459 Hydraulic stiffening element The following can be shown: - Valve clearance compensation by the hydraulic stiffening element - Function of the piston in load and relief	- Function of the spherical valve - Opening of the valve by the rocker arm - Closing the valve by the valve spring
Order No. 145 Valve timing diagram - firing order of one- to twelve-cylinder engines - any firing order can be set - especially suited to understand different firing order schemes	Order No. 145 E
Order No. 250 Installation of a piston ring - inserting three different piston rings shows an incorrect and correct ring gap - different cylinder diameters cause a piston ring gap that is normal, too wide or too narrow.	- the piston rings have a spring effect - all piston rings can be taken out of the model	Order No. 211 Pumping action of piston rings - when moving the pistons to and from, you can see how the piston rings slide up and down in the grooves if there is too much clearance: Oil is pumped into the combustion chamber - less clearance and thus a smaller pumping effect is shown on the left side
Order No. 146 Piston-pin offset - without offset: piston changes bearing surface after TDC (under full combustion pressure)	- with offset: piston changes bearing surface already before TDC	Order No. 189 Balance shafts - the two balance shafts of a four-cylinder inline engine turn towards each other with double crankshaft RPM
Order No. 276 Variable inlet manifold Functions: - change-over flap is controlled by a vacuum box - intake gas flow varies depending on different RPM's	- background knowledge can be explained with the diagram	Order No. 196 Valve lifting curves The filling curves of three different cam shapes can be drawn directly on a mobile slide by means of the three enclosed felt pens (red, blue and green).
Order No. 337 Compression ratio Working out of the different capacities: piston capacity, compression space and combustion chamber.	Calculation of the compression ratios of Petrol and Diesel engines. Possible Ways of modifying compression: introduction of a higher or flatter seal or head surfacing; this is demonstrated by means of a slide.	Introduction of a longer or shorter connecting rod, piston and two different crankshafts, calculation of the modified compression ratio.
Order No. 1015 Model cabinet - for storing approx. 50 to 60 OH models (depending on height), made of synthetic - laminated chipboard, lockable	Order No. 1014 Model stand - for storing 10 OH models made of veneered plywood